Israel

The cities of Israel, including its capital, Jerusalem, alongside Tel Aviv, Haifa, Beersheba, Nazareth, Eilat and Netanya, showcase a diverse urban landscape.

The flag of Israel features two horizontal blue stripes with a blue Star of David in the centre. It symbolises Jewish identity and heritage, representing resilience, unity and commitment to values.

Indian Standard Time typically precedes Israel Standard Time by 3.5 to 4.5 hours, with Israel observing Daylight Saving Time potentially reducing the difference to 2.5 to 3.5 hours.

The distance between India and Israel is approximately 4,500 to 5,500 kilometres, with flight durations ranging from 6 to 8 hours, depending on the specific cities and airline routes.

The most common languages spoken in Israel are Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language, used in government, education and daily life, while Arabic is also widely spoken, particularly by the Arab population. English, on the other hand, is the most commonly used foreign language.

The currency of Israel is the New Israeli Shekel (ILS). As of April 2024, 1 New Israeli Shekel is equivalent to 22.22 Indian Rupees (INR).

Israel's climate varies from Mediterranean along the coast to desert-like conditions inland. Summers are hot, especially in the Jordan Valley and Eilat, while winters are mild with some areas experiencing snow, like Jerusalem. Rainfall mainly occurs from November to March, with temperatures ranging from 5-40°C (41-104°F) across the country.

Israel is not prone to frequent natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes or tsunamis. However, it does experience some natural disturbances that could be considered minor compared to more disaster-prone regions.

Israeli cuisine is a diverse and vibrant fusion of flavours influenced by various cultures, including Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, North African and European traditions.

Some popular dishes that cater to various preferences are:

Vegetarian: Tabbouleh, sabich and stuffed grape leaves.

Vegan: Falafel, hummus, baba ganoush and Israeli salad.

Meat: Shawarma, kebabs, schnitzel, grilled lamb or beef skewers and sabich.

Kosher dietary laws are followed by Jewish individuals and involve specific guidelines like separating meat and dairy, using kosher-certified ingredients and adhering to particular methods of slaughter and preparation. Certain communities also avoid foods like pork and shellfish. When in Israel, respecting kosher dietary observance means consuming food that meets these guidelines, especially in areas with large Jewish populations.

Attire in Israel varies widely based on culture, religion and context. Casual wear for both men and women include jeans, t-shirts and comfortable shoes, while business attire leans towards suits. Different cultures and communities have distinct clothing traditions, with modest dressing being common in religious contexts.

The Public Holidays in Israel are as follows:

• Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year (two-day holiday), usually in September or October.

• Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement, usually 10 days after Rosh Hashanah.

• Sukkot: Feast of Tabernacles (seven-day holiday), starting five days after Yom Kippur.

• Simchat Torah: Celebration of the completion of the Torah reading cycle, immediately following Sukkot.

• Hanukkah: Festival of Lights, typically in December.

• Purim: Celebration of the salvation of the Jewish people from Haman, usually in February or March.

• Passover (Pesach): Commemoration of the Exodus from Egypt (seven or eight-day holiday), usually in March or April.

• Yom HaShoah: Holocaust Remembrance Day, usually in April.

• Yom HaZikaron: Memorial Day for fallen soldiers and victims of terrorism, usually in April or May.

• Yom Ha'atzmaut: Independence Day, immediately following Yom HaZikaron, usually in April or May.

• Shavuot: Feast of Weeks, celebrating the giving of the Torah (one or two-day holiday), usually in May or June.

• Tisha B'Av: Commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples, usually in July or August.

• Rosh Chodesh: The first day of each Jewish month is often considered a minor holiday.

• Islamic Holidays: Dates for Islamic holidays, such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, vary each year based on the Islamic calendar and may be observed by the Arab Muslim community in Israel.

• Christian Holidays: Dates for Christian holidays like Christmas and Easter also vary each year and are observed by the Christian communities in Israel.

Discovering Israel is made easy with its robust public transportation system, linking major cities and urban areas seamlessly. From buses and trains to light rail systems, getting around is convenient and accessible. Real-time apps also ensure smooth travels, with updates on routes and schedules.

• Moovit: Real-time schedules and routes for buses, trains and light rails.

• Google Maps: Navigation and public transportation info across Israel.

• Waze: Real-time traffic updates for urban driving.

• Rav-Kav: Manage your travel card and plan bus/train journeys.

• Gett: Book taxis and private car rides.

• Coca-Cola Tel-Aviv Bikes: Rent bikes for city exploration.

• Egged Buses: Check schedules and routes for buses.

• Israel Railways: Info on train schedules and stations.

• Jerusalem Light Rail App: Real-time updates for the light rail system.

• When visiting Israel, demonstrating cultural sensitivity is vital.

• Show respect for religious sites by dressing modestly and adhering to any guidelines.

• Be considerate during the Jewish Sabbath by refraining from activities that could disrupt religious observances.

• Practice discretion in more conservative neighbourhoods and adhere to kosher dietary observances by being aware of kosher food options.

• Request permission before taking photos of people, especially in sensitive contexts.

• Engage in conversations with cultural and religious sensitivity, avoiding contentious topics.

• Keep in mind that tipping, language courtesy and respect for business hours contribute to a positive experience.

• By embracing local customs, you can ensure a harmonious and respectful stay in Israel.

Israel's cordial relationship with India provides a fertile ground for skilled Indian workers to flourish. With collaborative efforts in technology, agriculture and defense, Israel's innovative ecosystem offers ample opportunities for professional growth. The synergy between the two nations, bolstered by shared values and cultural affinities, fosters an ideal environment for Indian professionals to integrate and thrive, making Israel a preferred destination for career advancement and cross-cultural exchanges.

The Indian community in Israel, numbering around 85,000 individuals, constitutes one of the largest expatriate groups in the country. Spanning cities such as Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa and Be'er Sheva, this community enjoys a significant presence across Israel.

Support infrastructure for the Indian community in Israel include:

• Embassy of India in Israel

• Indian Cultural and Community Centres

• Indian Jewish Associations

• Indian Women's Groups

• Community Organisations

• Student Associations

• Employment and Professional Networks

• Social Media Groups

• Religious and Spiritual Organisations

These establishments play a crucial role in facilitating the seamless integration of Indian migrants into Israeli society while upholding their cultural heritage.

The Embassy of India in Israel, located in Tel Aviv, offers consular and diplomatic services to Indian citizens and the Indian community.

• First and foremost, getting yourself registered with the consulate is a must. They are the ones responsible for shelter, legal assistance, repatriation, etc.

• They offer support services including visa & passport assistance, birth and death registration, Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) application among others.

• For assistance, Indians can visit the Embassy website (https://www.indembassyisrael.gov.in/) or register on the MADAD portal (https://portal2.madad.gov.in/) for grievance redressal on issues like compensation, imprisonment and repatriation.

Embassy Address: Embassy of India, HaYarkon St 140, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel - 63451

Indian workers seeking jobs in Israel can connect with NSDC International and Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) registered with it. IRAs function as intermediaries that facilitate job placements, travel arrangements and contract details in Israel.

Responsibilities of IRAs

• Obtain necessary travel documents and arrange pre-departure courses and medical exams.

• Explain employment contract terms and conditions.

• Provide the original contract of employment.

• Ensure repatriation if medically unfit or if employment specifications aren't met.

Identifying Licensed IRAs

• Verify authenticity through the Ministry of External Affairs website.

• Check for a valid registration certificate prominently displayed.

• Confirm office premises meet requirements with essential amenities.

Complaints against IRAs

Lodge complaints with the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) or through the eMigrate website(www.emigrate.gov.in).

Here's a concise overview of the mandatory conditions for individuals aspiring to pursue employment opportunities in the country:

• Age Range: 25-45 Years

• Physical Requirements: Minimum height of 1.5 Meters, Weight above 45 kg

• Qualifications: Certified Caregivers with 990 hours of training or Diploma with Indian Authority-issued Certificate

• Language Skills: Proficient in Intermediate Level English

• Education: High School Diploma

• Experience: No Previous Employment in Israel

• Clean Record: Clear Police Report from India and No Substance Abuse History

• Family Relations: No Immediate Family in Israel

• Health Standards: Physically and Mentally Fit with No Chronic Diseases

• Citizenship: Indian Citizenship

• COVID-19 Compliance: Agreement to Fulfil Israeli Ministry of Health Obligations

• Additional Requirements: As Specified by PIBA and MSDE

Understanding the permissible work sectors and the regulatory framework governing them is essential for individuals seeking employment in Israel under the B/1 visa category.

Authorization: Detailed in B/1 visa, including caregiving, agriculture, hotel housekeeping, construction and specialized expertise like ethnic cuisine.

Sector Restriction: No switching sectors after arrival.

Caution: Avoid recruiters promising job switches as it can lead to deportation and legal actions.

Understanding Israel's visa procedures is critical, as non-compliance may lead to detention and deportation, posing significant challenges to your professional endeavours.

Visa Overview: Israeli law allows temporary work, but overstaying may lead to detention and deportation.

Visa Issuance: Work visas (B/1) are obtained through Israeli Consulates or PIBA, lasting one year.

Extension Procedures: Extensions are possible but limited, especially after 63 months. Certain workers may have shorter periods.

Deportation/Non-Extension: Violating laws, falsifying details or intent to leave can lead to deportation or non-extension.

Return After Travel: Obtain an "inter-visa" for re-entry after a trip abroad, costing 175 ILS.

Additional Stay Periods: Grace periods vary based on sector - 60 days for agriculture/chefs, 30 days for construction/hotel workers and 90 days for caregivers.

Key Reminders: Stay cautious of promises of extended employment or counterfeit visas/passports. To find licensed Placement Agencies and Manpower Companies, visit the PIBA website for listings and contact information.

Migrant workers from India in Israel encounter a variety of challenges, underscoring the need for comprehensive support solutions.

1) Cultural and Language Barrier

Adapting to a new language and culture can pose difficulties, impacting effective communication and integration into the community. Asking for prior language and cultural training can facilitate smoother transitions and foster inclusivity.

2) Isolation and Loneliness

Working in a foreign country can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, especially when separated from family and familiar support networks. Leveraging opportunities for social interaction and community involvement can mitigate these feelings and promote mental well-being.

3) Physical and Emotional Strain

The demands of the job, especially in physically demanding roles, can take a toll on migrant workers' physical and emotional well-being. Availing access to healthcare services and mental health support can help alleviate these strains and promote overall wellness.

4) Job Insecurity

Migrant workers often face uncertainty regarding their employment status and legal rights, which can contribute to stress and anxiety. Having clear and fair employment contracts and staying informed about labour laws can provide greater stability and security.

5) Navigating Regulations

Understanding and complying with immigration and employment regulations can be challenging for migrant workers. Seek guidance and support services to navigate these regulations.

In Israel, specific regulations govern the employment of foreign workers to protect both employees and employers. These regulations ensure that foreign workers are employed legally and enjoy certain rights and protections during their time there.

• Employer Permits: Only employers possessing valid employment permits from the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA) are permitted to hire foreign workers. These permits are essential to regulate the employment of foreign workers and prevent unauthorized practices.

• Indian Workers: Indian workers with valid B/1 visas and permits issued by PIBA for their relevant sector can be employed by licensed employers. These permits serve as proof of authorization to work in Israel and ensure legal employment conditions.

• Employment Registration: Licensed Indian employers must complete the registration of your employment following PIBA procedures specific to your sector before your work begins. Registration ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and authorizes your work in Israel.

• Full-time Employment: You are eligible for full-time employment only with your legal employer. Engaging in part-time work as an Indian worker is not permitted, preventing exploitation and ensuring stable employment conditions.

• Work Restrictions: You are permitted to work solely for your currently registered and licensed employer. Under no circumstances should you engage in work for any other employer, even during breaks, holidays, rest days or beyond regular working hours.

• Consequences of Violation: Violation of this rule may lead to deportation if you are found working for an employer other than your registered one. Employers who unlawfully employ foreign workers might face fines or criminal charges as per the law.

To know your registered status with PIBA, follow these steps:

• Visit the PIBA website: Go to the PIBA website and locate "Online information for foreign workers and their employers."

• Access the online portal: Click the "get info" button on the page and choose the "foreign workers" option.

• Complete the form: Fill out the "Information – foreign workers" form that appears on the screen.

• View your information: Click on "view information" to access your registered status with PIBA.

• For foreign caregivers in the caregiving sector, specific rules are in place to safeguard the well-being of elderly and disabled employers.

Understanding the nuances of the foreign worker deposit system in Israel is paramount for both employers and employees to ensure transparency and financial security.

• Purpose and Scope: Employers of foreign workers in certain sectors are obligated to deposit funds into a PIBA-held account for each worker.

• Monthly Deposits: Employers calculate monthly deposit amounts based on Collective Agreements, Extension Orders or Contracts. The minimum deposit is 12.5% of the worker's regular monthly salary for full-time work.

• Deposit Not Deductible: The employer's deposit is separate from the employee's salary and cannot be deducted from it.

• Withdrawal Conditions: Upon legally and permanently leaving Israel, foreign workers can withdraw the deposited amount, including interest accrued.

• Illegal Overstay Deductions: If the worker overstays their legal period in Israel, deductions are applied to the deposit.

• Monitoring Deposits: Workers can access monthly deposits and fund balances through PIBA's online service.

Having proper health insurance is crucial for your well-being in Israel. Without it, medical expenses can be overwhelming.

• Employer Responsibility: Employers must provide private medical insurance for foreign workers throughout the employment period. This ensures that workers have access to necessary healthcare services and are protected against medical expenses.

• Coverage Limitations: Workers should be aware that pre-existing conditions are usually excluded from coverage. It is also essential to note that medical treatments lasting more than 90 days may not be covered. Understand the limitations of their health insurance coverage is crucial.

• Appealing Decisions: If your insurance denies coverage for certain conditions or treatments, you can appeal. This ensures that workers have recourse if their health insurance coverage is denied unjustly.

Your employer is responsible for opening a file in your name at the National Insurance Institute.

• National Insurance Institute: It offers coverage for work injuries, maternity, unpaid wages and severance pay in cases of employer bankruptcy.

• Work Injury Coverage: If you're injured at work, file a claim with the National Insurance Institute for medical treatment and compensation.

You have a right to proper housing. Your employer must ensure your housing meets specific standards from the start of your employment until 7 days after it concludes.

• Housing Criteria: Your housing must meet specific guidelines to ensure your comfort and well-being. These guidelines cover various aspects such as space, amenities and safety measures.

• Essential Facilities: Your housing should include necessary facilities such as sinks, kitchen counters and appropriate heating.

• Caregiver Housing: If you're in the caregiving sector, suitable housing will be provided within the residence of the person you're caring for.

If for any reason you or your employer want to end work relations, here are the essential details you need to know:

• Prior Notice - General: If you're a foreign worker employed on a monthly basis and you intend to leave your job, you must provide prior written notice to your employer based on your employment duration.

• Employer's Dismissal Notice: If an employer wishes to dismiss you, they must also provide prior notice according to the specified durations.

Navigating the intricacies of severance pay, known as "Pitzuyim" in Israel, is fundamental for workers to know.

• Eligibility Criteria: An employee who has worked for a single employer or at a specific workplace for at least one year is entitled to receive severance pay.

• Calculation: The amount of severance pay corresponds to one month's wage for each year of service with the same employer or at the same workplace.

• Special Circumstances: Workers may be entitled to severance pay in special circumstances such as employer bankruptcy or termination of employment due to death or liquidation of the employer.

• General Extension Order: All Israeli employers are subject to a binding general extension order concerning pensions.

Familiarizing yourself with Israel's unemployment regulations is essential for those working there, as it can mitigate potential financial or mental hardships.

• Within 90 days from leaving your previous employment, you have the opportunity to find and register for new employment with a licensed employer in the sector mentioned on your B/1 visa.

• Failing to register as a legally employed worker within these 90 days requires you to leave Israel. If this isn't followed, you might face detention and possible deportation.

The Government of India, through various initiatives under the Ministry of External Affairs, offers comprehensive support to individuals planning to work abroad. These initiatives collectively reflect the government's commitment to safeguarding the interests and well-being of its citizens working overseas.

• e-Migrate: The e-Migrate website assists individuals planning to work in Israel by capturing emigrant data online, verifying employer credentials, generating employment contracts and providing emigrant insurance through Parvasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana.
  

• Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayta Kendra (PBSK): PBSK serves as a facilitation centre for those seeking employment abroad, offering complaint registration and information services. It includes Kshetriya Pravasi Sahayata Kendra (KPSKs) for face-to-face assistance and operates a 24x7 helpline.
  

• Protector General of Emigrants (PGE): PGE, under the Ministry of External Affairs, safeguards Indian workers going abroad, granting emigration clearance, inspecting emigrant conveyances and addressing emigrant grievances, including post-return assistance.
  

• Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY): PKVY is a skill development initiative offering industry-relevant training in sectors like domestic work, retail, tourism, healthcare and security, with 16 Integrated Skill Development Centres (IISCs) nationwide.
  

• Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY): PBBY provides insurance coverage for emigrants before applying for emigration clearance, offering benefits such as accidental death coverage, repatriation facilities, medical cover and maternity expenses.
  

• Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF): ICWF offers support to overseas Indian workers, including boarding, medical care, legal assistance, air passage and assistance with fines or penalties. It also aids in transporting mortal remains to India or arranging local cremation/burial.

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