Qatar

Qatar's national flag features maroon and white colours. The white represents peace, while the maroon reflects the bloodshed in 19th-century wars.

The nine-point serrated line signifies Qatar's status as the ninth member of the Reconciled Emirates in the Arabian Gulf, following the 1916 Qatari-British treaty. This layout was officially recorded by the British Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1931.

Doha, as the capital, is the center of government, commercial, and financial activities. Over half of the population resides here. The city is also recognized as a significant cultural center, housing numerous museums and educational institutions.

Apart from the capital, some other major cities include:

1. Al Wakrah

2. Al Khor

3. Al Shamal

4. Dukhan

5. Msaieed

6. Ras Laffan

The Qatari Riyal (QAR) is the currency of Qatar. The exchange parity has been set at the fixed rate of QAR 1 = 22.90 INR.

Arabic is the official language of the country. However, English is widely spoken across the country and is regarded as its second language.

India is 2 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Qatar. 1:00PM in QATAR would be 3:30 PM in India (IST).

As per the May 2022 census report, the total population of Qatar was 2.8 million.

According to Qatar's Constitution, Islam is the state's official religion, with Sharia (Islamic Law) being the foundation of its legal system.

The religious composition in Qatar is predominantly Muslim at 65.2%, followed by Hindu (15.9%), Christian (13.7%), and Buddhist (3.8%). Other religions, including folk, Jewish, and various unspecified beliefs , each constitute less than 1% of the population as of 2020 estimates.

Traditional Qatari cuisine, rich in spices like cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ingredients such as nuts, limes, and dried apricots, reflects its deep-rooted trade history with Asia and the Middle East.

Some popular Qatari dishes include:

1. Ma chbūs: Regarded as Qatar's national dish, it is a one-pot meal of slow-cooked lamb or chicken with rice often accompanied by Daqoos, a local tomato garlic sauce.

2. Balaleet: It is a sweet and sour vermicelli breakfast dish. Made with vermicelli and sugar, cardamom, saffron, and rose water, it is often topped with an omelette.

3. Harees: Harees, a one-pot dish of rice, lentils, and meat with a porridge-like consistency, is a hearty meal often served as an entrée or side dish. It can be mildly or heavily spiced to taste, typically with cumin, ginger, and cinnamon. Traditionally cooked over firewood, Harees is now commonly made in casseroles, rice cookers, or slow cookers.

4. Luqaimat: Luqaimat are bite-sized, fried sweet dough dumplings, crispy outside and fluffy inside, made from semolina, flour, salt, and water, and deep-fried to a golden brown.

5. Qatayef: Qatayef are semolina pancakes, often crescent-shaped, filled with white cheese or nuts and fried or baked, then soaked in rose sugar syrup. Popular during Ramadan, they are a common choice for breaking the fast at Iftar.

6. Regag: Regag, a paper-thin flatbread made from wheat flour, salt, and water, is crisply baked and commonly served with toppings like fresh cheese, honey, Nutella, or curry.

7. Shakshuka: Shakshuka, a beloved breakfast dish, features soft-cooked eggs poached in a spiced tomato sauce. Seasonings vary, with cumin, paprika, nutmeg, and red pepper flakes often used, and some recipes include fennel, coriander, garlic, onions, and peppers.

8. Umm Ali: Umm Ali is a classic bread pudding with filo pastry, sweetened milk, and flavors like rose and orange blossom water, topped with almonds, pistachios, and raisins.

Qatar, a peninsula on the Arabian Peninsula's eastern coast, spans about 100km in width and stretches 200km into the Gulf. It encompasses several islands, including Halul, Shraouh, and Al-Asshat, and shares a southern border with Saudi Arabia, along with maritime boundaries with Bahrain, the UAE, and Iran.

Qatar experiences a subtropical desert climate, characterized by minimal annual rainfall, hot and humid summers, and mild winters with average yearly rainfall not surpassing 75.2mm. Summer temperatures typically vary between 25°C and 46°C.

Qatar observes its National Day each year on December 18, commemorating Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani's succession to his father in 1878.

Qatar's national anthem, As-Salam al-Amiri, was penned by poet Mubarak bin Saif Al Thani and established in December 1996.

The direct flight distance or straight-line distance between New Delhi, India, and Doha, Qatar is approximately 2565 km, with a travel time of around 4 hours and 30 minutes.

Here’s everything you need to know about living in Qatar as an Indian migrant.

The Indian community, making up 25% or about 835,000 of Qatar's population, is among the largest expat groups there, encompassing professionals, labourers, and businesspeople. They work across sectors like construction, healthcare, and IT, and actively engage in cultural, religious, and community events through social groups and associations. Access to Indian schools, cultural centers, and places of worship supports their cultural and religious practices.

Some Indian Organizations in Qatar are:

1. Bangiya Parishad Qatar (BPQ)

2. Bihar Johar Sanskritik Parishad (BJSP)

3. Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (KMCC)

4. Kerala Social and Cultural Association (KSCA)

5. One India Association (OIA), Doha Qatar

6. Uttarakhand Association of Qatar

Follow the link to see the list of Indian organizations in Qatar affiliated with the Embassy of India, Doha.

https://www.iccqatar.com/affiliatedbodies

The Embassy of India in Doha supports the Indian community in Qatar, offering consular services, cultural events, and welfare programs. With over 800,000 Indians forming Qatar's largest expat group across various sectors, their contributions are highly valued. The embassy prioritizes their welfare, with a dedicated wing addressing and tracking grievances.

Here are a few notable things.

1. Open House: Held on the last Thursday of each month, this event allows Indian nationals to present grievances directly to the Ambassador and embassy officers.

2. Consular Camps: Regularly organized in cities outside Doha, these camps serve the needs of Indian nationals residing in those areas.

3. Labour and Community Welfare Wing: This dedicated wing of the embassy systematically registers and follows up on grievances reported by the community.

4. Embassy closed on Friday & Saturday

5. Embassy working hours: 8.00 am - 4.30 pm.

6. Consular Section working hours: 8.00 am to 4.15 pm

Address

Embassy of India, Doha

Villa No 86 & 90, Street No. 941,

Al Eithra Street, Zone 63,

Onaiza, P.O. Box 2788,

Doha - Qatar

Telephone Number

(+974) 4425 5777

Qatar offers a plethora of transportation options.

Public Transportation

The public transportation in Qatar includes Doha Metro, Lusail Tram & Mowasalat Bus Service.

Qatar Rail

. Doha Metro: The Doha Metro, located in the capital city, consists of three lines (red, green, and gold) and connects various city parts.

· Lusail Tram: Situated just north of Doha, the Lusail Tram network links destinations within Lusail to Doha via the Doha Metro.

· Tickets and Passes: Options include single journey tickets, daily passes, or travel cards, purchasable from vending machines at stations.

· Feeder Service: To enhance Qatar Rail customer connectivity:

o Metrolink: A free feeder bus service within a 2-to-5-km radius of Doha Metro stations, requiring a QR Code for access, available on the Karwa Journey Planner App.

o Metroexpress: An on-demand ride-sharing service offering flexibility with a fleet of 7-seater vans, accessible via the Karwa Taxi App from ten metro and seven Lusail tram stations.

Bus Services

Mowasalat, Qatar's public transport operator, manages the bus service across Doha and its suburbs, linking major city areas and beyond. Detailed bus routes are accessible on the Mowasalat website or via this link: https://www.mowasalat.com/English/Our-Services/Bus-Routes.

To use the Karwa public buses, passengers need a Karwa Smart Card, available from vending machines at key locations like Hamad International Airport, Doha Bus Station, The Pearl Qatar, and Qatar Mall, as well as from select retail partners. The cards come in three varieties:

. Classic Card (Cost: INR.685): A rechargeable option for frequent travellers.

· Limited Card, 24hr (Cost: INR.230): Valid for two trips within 24 hours of activation.

· Unlimited Card, 24hr (Cost: INR.450): Offers unlimited travel within 24 hours of purchase.

Personal Transportation

Taxis

· Karwa Taxis: Official taxis in Qatar, available in Doha and other cities, offering metered and pre-booked services with regulated fares.

· Ride-Hailing Services: Apps like Uber and Careem provide an alternative to traditional taxis, allowing users to book rides with upfront fare calculation.

Personal Vehicles

In Qatar, a significant number of residents favour personal vehicles due to the well-developed road infrastructure, featuring modern highways and roads. Yet, traffic congestion during rush hours is a frequent challenge.

Companies or sponsors typically provide housing or a housing allowance for employees, allowing them to choose their preferred accommodation.

Accommodation types include flats, serviced apartments, and villas, available both furnished and unfurnished.

Rent varies by type and location, with high-end areas being Lusail City, The Pearl Island, and Msheireb Downtown Doha.

The Pearl Island rent ranges from INR 137,400 - INR 206,100 per month.

More economical options in areas like Al Duhail and Al Thumama, with studio rents between INR 34,350 - INR 57,250 found on OLX in Al Wakra and Al Khor, further from central Doha.

Public life in Qatar is characterised by Qatari Majlis (gatherings), including the recitation of poetry and historical narrative.

In addition, Qatar’s pearl hunting tradition was accompanied by celebrations and music that are still popular today.

Qataris folkloric dances like Al Ardah are performed during various celebrations and occasions.

Calligraphy and architecture have historically been the most dominant forms of visual arts in Qatar. However, in recent decades, the fine art scene has expanded quickly, with the establishment of the Qatari Fine Arts Society.

The Qatar Museums Authority plays an important role in promoting cultural activities and Qatar is home to an array of museums and galleries, including the Museum of Islamic Art and Mathaf Arab Museum of Modern Art.

Qatar joined the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in 2011 and is home to the World Heritage site - Al Zubarah Archaeological site. In addition, the country participates in a wide scope of cultural activities, hosting and sponsoring both local and international events.

Women:

· Qatari women usually cover most of the body, from head to foot, wearing a traditional black over garment (abaya).

· Foreign women can wear western dresses. However, they must dress conservatively.

Men:

· Arab men dress in a thobe, a loose, ankle-length robe. They usually opt for casual wear during informal occasions or at the beach.

· Foreign men are not expected to dress similarly. However, they should avoid wearing shorts and sleevless shirts in public.

Qatar's economy, driven by major infrastructure projects, attracts many Indian expatriates, including skilled professionals and laborers, crucial to its development. Bilateral agreements, notably the 1985 Labour Manpower Agreement and the 2019 Recognition of Professional and Trade Qualifications, facilitate this exchange.

A few things to note about Qatar’s economy include:

1. Qatar boasts a stable, competitive economy with above-average growth, underpinned by high per capita income, substantial hydrocarbon reserves, and robust economic fundamentals.

2. Despite COVID-19 challenges, Qatar's economy showed resilience and a positive trajectory, with early indicators pointing to vigorous economic activity and strong business conditions.

3. As the world's second-largest natural gas exporter, Qatar significantly contributes to global energy security and maintains strong trade connections globally through its diversified economy.

4. With prudent fiscal management, Qatar exhibits high fiscal flexibility and is projected to have the strongest fiscal balance in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries .

5. The smooth workforce mobility ensures welfare for Indian workers in Qatar and simplifies qualification recognition for professionals seeking opportunities there.

India and Qatar's evolving partnership, grounded in historical ties and mutual respect, has grown from traditional trade to a strong, modern collaboration across energy, infrastructure, and technology sectors. The substantial Indian diaspora in Qatar further strengthens this bond, fostering cultural exchange and solidifying personal connections. This dynamic relationship offers exciting opportunities for Indian professionals in a land that champions growth and diversity.

The State of Qatar is keen on employing human resources that support its development journey and contribute to flourishing its diversified economy.

The Ministry of Labour is the official authority for employment resources in Qatar.

Embarking on a career in Qatar as an expatriate presents a wealth of opportunities, particularly in fields like construction, engineering, oil and gas, finance, healthcare, and education. However, there are a few factors to consider before making the big move.

Here a few reasons why people choose to move to Qatar.

1. A higher wage and currency exchange value for low to semi-skilled workers.

2. The Government of India has set Minimum Referral Wages (MRWS) and allowances for migrant workers leaving for the ECR countries (Emigration Check Required). These vary from job to job, sector to sector and country to country.

3. Higher earnings open the gate for future savings.

4. Interest earned on NRE accounts is tax-free.

5. Better skills, experience, and internationally-recognised certifications opens more opportunities.

6. Strict contractual obligations of the employer with regard to payment of wages.

Following the adoption of the new labour laws in August 2020, migrant workers now can change jobs without needing a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from their employers.

This historic move is expected to increase labour mobility as Qatar transitions towards a knowledge-based economy. For employers, this means easy hiring of skilled staff locally, while for workers this means greater flexibility.

There are three main types of costs of migration involved in working in Qatar: Economic, Social and Health.

I. The Economic cost of migration

Migrating to Qatar for work requires financial support for visas, passports, clearance, and recruitment agency fees, with additional costs for rural individuals using urban agencies. Document needs vary by job requirements. Also, Indian ECR-category workers have to use the e-Migrate system for GCC countries . Caution against fraud is advised; recruitment fees are legally capped at Rs 20,000, with higher charges reportable on e-Migrate or MADAD portals.

However, a point to note is; expenses other than the recruitment fee are supposed to be paid by the employer, or the agency has to collect them from the employer later. These expenses include:

1. Cost of medical examination for visa

2. Cost of medical examination prescribed by employer

3. Visa fees

4. Air fare from India to the destination country

5. Initial hotel stay at the destination country

6. Any other cost associated with overseas employment

So, exercise caution and weigh your options carefully before giving your recruiting agent any money.

II. The Social Cost of Migration

Let’s look at some of the social costs of migration.

• Elderly: Migration can boost elderly financial support through increased remittances, but often leads to loneliness and unmet care needs due to the absence of their children.

• Spouse: Migration often leads to distance between spouses which may result in familial and psychological challenges .

III. Health Cost of Migration

Moving to another country for work, may result in some health issues due to lack of knowledge or change in environment. Let’s get into the details.

Migrants may face health issues such as stomach problems, headaches, muscle pains, injuries, and lung diseases due to dietary changes, long work hours, unsafe conditions, and exposure to toxins. Obtaining a medical certificate before departure is crucial to ensure employers cover any work-related medical expenses.

Apart from physical problems, migrants face some biases like:

1. Local workers or residents may discriminate against migrants on the basis of race or nationality.

2. Employers may favour local workers and may treat migrants poorly and pay them less.

3. Women migrants also face discrimination based on their gender.

4. Many migrant workers fall into the low-skilled or semi-skilled category and are often accorded a low social status based on the work they do.

Because of this, migrant workers may face the following psychological problems.

a. Depression: Could be due to poor living and working conditions.

b. Psychosis: The ability to think, talk and communicate effectively may be affected.

c. Homesickness: The feeling of missing your home so much that all you think about is being back home.

It’s quite common for migrants miss the comfort of their home and community. Here are a few ways to tackle homesickness.

1. Try to focus on the new things you get to experience.

2. Keep in touch with your family and friends.

3. Ensure you eat properly and stay healthy.

4. Try to find a hobby outside work.

5. Talk to people you work with in the new country, and try to make some friends.

6. Take one or two things that will remind you of your home when you leave to go to another country.

IV. Health and Safety

Your employer, whether a company or an individual, is not permitted to subject you to hazardous working conditions, including:

a. Small spaces with not enough air or light

b. With unsafe machines

c. Places with toxic chemicals, gases and other substances that harm you.

d. Places that are extremely hot or cold, enough to seriously hurt you.

e. Workplaces without equipment like hard hats for construction work.

You must receive proper training before being subjected to any physical work that may cause physical harm. Moreover, if a workplace possesses threat to your wellbeing, you may refuse to return to work unless the situation is fixed.

There are two ways to find work opportunities in Qatar.

1. National Skill Development Corporation

Indian workers seeking employment in Qatar can explore job opportunities through National Skill Development Corporation International’s job portal (https://www.nsdcinternational.com/looking-for-jobs).

2. Indian Recruiting Agents (RAs)

Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) act as intermediaries for potential workers seeking employment in Qatar. They assist in job placement, obtaining necessary travel and employment documents, and clarifying employment contract terms.

Most job opportunities for migrants in Qatar are in the construction and domestic work sectors, offering salaries higher than in India, albeit with longer working hours.

To avoid fraudulent agents, seek a registered agent. A Registered agent will have a Registration Certificate (RC) issued by the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) prominently displayed at a noticeable place in their office premises.

Note: RAs are not allowed to employ sub-agents. Be sure to not deal with such sub-agents.

How to identify a Registered RA

Here are a few indicators of a registered RA.

a. Registered RAs have an office with at least 50 square meters of space, equipped with amenities like a waiting hall, interview room, and internet.

b. Registered RAs have a signboard showing their name, registration number, and year of registration.

c. Registered recruiting agencies can charge a maximum of Rs. 20,000 in fees from migrants needing an Emigration Clearance. Charges exceeding this amount can be reported on the e-Migrate or MADAD portal.

Responsibilities of RAs (Ministry of External Affairs, 2022)

1. The RA is required to issue a receipt for any payments made by you.

2. It is obliged to provide detailed employment information, including contract conditions, prior to recruitment.

3. The RA should ensure that the employer properly receives you upon arrival in Qatar.

4. It must guarantee that the employer does not modify the terms of the employment contract post-employment.

5. The RA is responsible for ensuring the employer adheres to the employment contract's terms and conditions.

6. It is required to ensure the employer timely renews any documents necessary for your stay in the employment country.

7. The RA should facilitate the peaceful resolution of any disputes between you and the employer.

Complaints against RAs

Complaints of overcharging or cheating can be lodged with:

Protector General of Emigrants (PGE)

Email: pge@mea.gov.in

Address: 10th Floor, Akbar Bhavan, Chankyapuri, New Delhi - 110021

eMigrate website

www.emigrate.gov.in/

MADAD Portal

https://madad.gov.in/AppConsular/welcomeLink

Before departing, ensure your employer provides a signed contract containing all work details, accommodation, and benefits.

The contract outlines the duties and responsibilities of both you, the worker, and your employer. Keep a copy with your family or a friend and retain one for yourself.

Having your job offer letter or contract authenticated by an Indian Embassy and signed by the employer and an Embassy officer ensures a guaranteed minimum salary.

Upon arrival in Qatar, you might be requested to sign the original contract. Prior to signing, carefully review and understand all mentioned terms, seeking assistance if needed from someone you trust.

If presented with a second contract in Qatar, confirm that its contents and terms align with the initial contract from India. If uncertain, seek guidance from the Indian Embassy.

An employment contract may be for a limited or unlimited period. A limited employment contract (fixed-term contract) is for a maximum period of five years, whereas the unlimited contract has a commencement date only. Most Indian workers have a contract for a limited term, usually two years, which can be extended.

There is no such thing as a “free visa” in Qatar. Every visa is issued in the name of a sponsor, and you are supposed to work under that sponsor (an individual or company). Any violation will lead to severe legal proceedings, with a hefty fine, imprisonment and deportation.

Your employer must provide you with accommodation that meets your basic needs. Most employers provide their workers with accommodation facilities for free. Check your contract or inquire with your employer to find out if you are entitled to free accommodation or if you need to pay for it.

Most employers provide their workers with food for free or a food allowance. Check your contract or inquire with your employer to find out if you are entitled to food or if you need to pay for it.

What should your employment contract include?

Your employment contract should include the following details:

1. Your name, passport number, nationality, profession, qualification, residence.

2. Your employer's name, company address and/or location of your work.

3. Contract commencement date and the terms and conditions of the employment.

4. Duration of the contract and details of the initial probation period (not more than six months).

5. Your job responsibilities and working hours and overtime, if any.

6. Basic salary and allowances, including food and accommodation facilities.

7. How the overtime pay is calculated.

8. Information on medical coverage or insurance.

9. Duration of annual leave and entitled holiday or leave days (medical or maternity leave) and terms for airplane tickets.

10. End-of-service benefits.

11. Termination and renewal terms of the contract.

Qatar offers a world of opportunities for people looking to work in the country. You will need to following to apply for a job in Qatar.

a. A valid passport (You can apply for a passport online or at a Passport Seva Kendra (PSK))

b. Certificate of academic and professional qualifications

c. Proof of prior qualifications

d. English language proficiency

e. Approved contract of employment

f. Health certificate

g. Work and residence permit

Before moving abroad, it’s important to get insured. Here are a few options to explore.

1. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY)

Before seeking Emigration clearance on eMigrate, applicants must take the Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) insurance, available for Rs. 275 or Rs. 375.

Benefits of PBBY

1. Air Fare for Attendant: Economy class return air fare up to the nearest international airport in India.

2. Repatriation expenses: Actual one-way economy class air fare up to the nearest international airport in India.

3. Medical cover: Medical cover in case of hospitalization of the Insured worker-up to Rs. 100000 (Rs. 50000 per hospitalization in each case with maximum up to two).

4. Hospitalization cover: Hospitalization cover to family in event of death or permanent disability of insured person-Up to Rs. 50000.

5. Maternity Expenses: Rs. 35000 in case of normal delivery and Rs. 50000 in case of Caesarean operation.

6. Legal Expenses: Rs. 45000/-

7. Rs. 10 Lakhs in case of accidental death and permanent disability.

8. Repatriation facilities in case of death: Cost of transportation of the mortal remains to India.

2. Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)

The Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF), established in 2009, provides critical support to Overseas Indians in emergencies and is available at all Indian Missions and Posts abroad.

ICWF can assist you in situations like:

1. Boarding and lodging for deserving distressed Indian nationals abroad on a means tested basis in budget category or shelters run by Mission/Post or NGOs empanelled with Mission.

2. Air passage to India to stranded Overseas Indian nationals

3. Legal Assistance on a means tested basis to deserving overseas Indian nationals who have committed minor crimes, offences or have been falsely implicated by their employer and put in jails; fishermen/seamen/sailors/Indian students in distress;

4. Legal/financial assistance to Indian women abandoned/ cheated / abused by their NRI/PIO or foreign spouses (up to seven years after their marriage).

5. Payment for small fines and penalties in respect of Indian nationals for minor offences/crimes; for illegal stay in the host country where prima facie the worker is not at fault, and to enable release of Indian nationals from jail/detention center

6. Transportation of Mortal Remains and expenditure on incidentals of deceased Indian national to India or local cremation/burial of deceased in such cases where the employer, sponsor or insurance company is unable or unwilling to do so as per the contract and the family is unable to meet the cost.

7. Emergency Medical Care on assessed needs of the migrants to overseas Indians who are involved in an accident (with serious life-threatening injuries) have life-threatening medical conditions or suffer a serious disability.

Ministries and Government Departments: From 7 a.m. to 2 p.m

Private Companies and Establishments: From 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. and from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m.

Friday and Saturday are the official weekend in Qatar.

Friday and Saturday are weekend in Qatar. Apart from that, following are the official holidays in Qatar.

a. Qatar National Day: December 18 (annually)

b. National Sport Day on Tuesday of the second week of February (annually)

c. The holy Eid Al-Fitr

d. The holy Eid Al-Adha

Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC): PHCC centres offer primary healthcare services to all Qatar residents, including migrant workers. They provide general healthcare services, vaccinations, and basic medical consultations.

Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC): HMC is the main provider of secondary and tertiary healthcare in Qatar. HMC manages 12 hospitals – nine specialist hospitals and three community hospitals – as well as the National Ambulance Service and home and residential care services.

Private Healthcare Sector: There are private hospitals and clinics available in Qatar that cater to both locals and expatriates, but they might be more expensive.

Emergencies

You can dial 999 for emergency medical services, which include the police, fire department and ambulance services.

Emergency operators will usually be able to speak both English and Arabic, although it’s best to learn a few basic words and phrases in Arabic.

Health Cards

You can apply for a health card to access services at any of PHCC’s health centres and Hamad Medical Corporation’s healthcare facilities or hospitals.

To obtain a health card, visit the nearest PHCC’s health centre to your residence. There you need to fill out the appropriate forms. You will be issued a PHCC health file number. Please take with you:

a. A valid Qatar Identification Card (QID),

b. 4cmx3cm photo, and

c. Credit/debit card to pay the 2290 INR fees.

The card is the same size as a driving license. It contains your ID number, nationality, photo, and date of issue.

The card does not provide free access to public healthcare services; however, it allows you to receive a subsidy on consultations or non-emergency treatments.

Holders of a health card can also buy prescribed medicines from a government-run pharmacy at subsidized rates.

Pharmacies

Pharmacies often stay open till late into the evening and some run 24-hours.

They usually operate from 9.30am until 1pm, and then from 4.30pm to 8.30pm, Saturday through Thursday.

Legal Procedures and Assistance

a. Qatari laws and customs differ significantly from those in India.

b. If detained or arrested, inform police or prison officials to contact the Indian Embassy in Doha.

Drug & Medication Regulations

a. Avoid using or carrying illegal drugs due to severe penalties, including long jail terms.

b. Authorities may detain and deport individuals carrying medication for HIV and hepatitis. When bringing controlled/prescription medication, use original packaging and carry the prescription.

c. Avoid carrying large quantities, as some medications may be considered illegal.

Alcohol Regulations

a. Drinking alcohol or being drunk in public is against the law in Qatar.

b. Penalties include potential imprisonment or deportation.

Legal Consequences of Sexual Activities

a. Sex outside of marriage is illegal, and victims of sexual assault may face legal consequences such as seven years in jail or 100 lashes.

b. In case of sexual assault, seek consular help from the Indian Embassy immediately.

c. Public displays of affection can result in arrest.

d. Homosexual behaviour is illegal in Qatar.

Dress Code and Behaviour:

a. Qatar has conservative dress codes, cover shoulders and knees in public places.

b. Check specific dress codes for venues such as tourist attractions, malls, and government buildings.

Obscene Acts

a. Swearing and rude gestures are considered obscene acts, leading to possible jail or deportation.

b. Exercise caution when interacting with police and officials.

Photography and Filming Regulations

a. Avoid filming or photographing people without permission.

b. Filming sensitive areas, including religious, military, or security sites, may lead to arrest.

Online Conduct

1. Refrain from commenting on Qatari culture, government policies, or services online.

2. Activities such as reviewing hotel or restaurant experiences on social media may be considered cybercrime.

3. Financial Crimes

4. Financial crimes like fraud, bounced cheques, and non-payment of bills can lead to imprisonment and/or fines.

5. Prohibited Items

6. Forbidden imports include narcotics, alcohol, pornography, pork products, and religious books.

7. DVDs and videos are subject to scrutiny, and electronic cigarettes are prohibited.

Identification

• Always carry your passport in Qatar.

Ramadan Etiquette

• During Ramadan, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public to avoid causing offense.

Voting Rights of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

a. There is no provision of voting by post or voting at an Indian Mission abroad for Indian citizens living in abroad. There is no provision of online voting.

b. You can register as an Overseas/NRI voter by submitting Form 6A available on the Election Commission of India website (https://eci.gov.in/voter/overseas-electors/). You should be a citizen of India, absent from the country owing to employment and have not acquired citizenship of any other country and are otherwise eligible to be registered as a voter in the address mentioned in your passport.

c. An overseas elector is not issued an EPIC.

d. You will be allowed to vote in person at the polling station on production of your original passport.

You are entitled to respect and the protection of your human rights, irrespective of your legal status in a country. This section will inform you about your rights and responsibilities while working in Qatar, helping you to protect yourself from those seeking to take advantage of your position as a migrant worker.

Migrant’s Rights in Qatar

Migrants Rights in Qatar have seen an improvement, including changes to the kafala system and labour laws. The reforms aim to enhance working conditions, abolish exit permits, and set standards for accommodation. The following rights are extended to migrants in Qatar in order to safeguard their interests:

1. Abolition of Kafala System

The Kafala system is a sponsorship system wherein the migrant worker is the complete responsibility of their employer (also known as the sponsor, or kafeel), both financially and legally. Your legal status to live and work in the country is fully dependent on your employer, and you cannot leave or enter the country without the employer's permission.

The Kafala system was abolished in 2019. However, reforms are poorly enforced.

2. Document Protection

You have the right to keep your essential documents (passport, visa, work permit) with you. Do not surrender original documents to your employer or recruitment agent.

Your employer should provide you with a residence permit.

3. Minimum Wage & facilities

In March 2021, Qatar introduced a minimum wage of QAR 1,000, which applies to all employees across all sectors in Qatar, including domestic workers.

The employer must additionally provide QAR 500 per month for accommodation and QAR 300 per month for food unless provided by their employer.

You're entitled to the stipulated pay and accommodation facilities as per the employment contract.

Monthly wages should be in local currency (riyal) and deposited in your bank account. Payment for completed work is non-negotiable even in case of arrest, resignation, or dismissal.

4. Leave, Health Benefits & Public Holidays

After a year of continuous service, you're entitled to annual leave. Payment is due for the days of leave not taken.

Medical leave can be taken with a doctor's certificate. Notify your employer promptly and access health benefits through your health card.

You are entitled to full pay during official holidays

5. Rights of Movement and Rest

You are free to explore the city in your free time, but always carry your ID card.

You have the right to one day off each week, typically on Friday , with additional compensation if you agree to work.

6. Working Hours

Rest time of at least one hour within five hours of starting work.

Refusal of overtime is permissible with specific regulations for extra pay.

Shift workers have different rules, and during Ramadan, working hours are reduced.

7. Salary Deductions

Your employer cannot make deductions from your wages except in the following cases:

If you have taken an advance (deduction at any one time should not be more than 10% of your salary).

If you violate the rules and regulations of the workplace (a fine for single offence should not exceed five days' salary in a month); or

If you cause loss, damage or destruction of tools or machinery due to your fault (such deduction must not be more than five days' salary each month).

Your employer cannot reduce your salary for the entire contract duration.

Your employer cannot make any other deductions from your salary, including for medical insurance fees, insurance premiums, work permit costs, etc.

8. Wage Protection System

The Government of Qatar introduced the Wage Protection System (WPS) in 2015. More than 1.3 million workers are registered in the system, substantially strengthening the protection of wages in the country. The WPS has also significantly increased the Government’s ability to intervene in the long-standing issue of wage disputes, in the interest of workers and employers, and resolve matters in a more transparent and fair manner.

To protect workers from manipulation of their financial entitlements.

To enable Ministry of Administrative Development, Labour and Social Affairs (ADLSA) to continuously review and compare the data of employees with the data in its possession to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Labour Law.

To minimize legal disputes between parties with regard to payment of wages, while increasing efficiency in dealing with such disputes.

To assist the judiciary in issuing judgments and settling disputes concerning employees’ entitlements.

To promote the principle of human rights in the State of Qatar.

To enhance security and stability by creating a safe working environment (as the system spares workers and employers the need to keep cash at the workplace, it precludes an obvious risk of loss or theft)

9. No-Objection Certificates

Employees will no longer require No-Objection Certificates to terminate their contracts.

Employees have the ability to pursue new opportunities in Qatar.

Employees will be able to terminate their contract providing at least one month’s written notice if they have worked with the employer for two years or less, or two months’ notice if they have worked with the employer for over two years.

Employees can be placed on probation for a period agreed upon with their employer, as long as the period of probation is no more than six months from the date their work commenced.

In the case that employees had access to sensitive information, the employer can stipulate that the employee cannot compete with them on any projects or work within a year of ending the contract.

10. The Cancelling of Exit Permissions

The law now allows almost all migrant workers in Qatar – including domestic workers – to leave the country without first obtaining permission from their employers, except for military personnel. In order to protect the rights of both employers and domestic workers, domestic workers must notify employers at least 72 hours prior to their departure.

The decision also stipulates that the employer has the right to submit a prior reasoned request to the Ministry of Interior including the names of those whom they deem necessary to obtain prior approval before leaving the country due to the nature of their work, provided that it does not exceed 5% of employees.

11. Health & safety

The State of Qatar has mandated private health insurance for all expatriates in the public and private sectors.

Employers and sponsors must enrol their non-Qatari employees and their family members onto the mandatory health insurance scheme through contracts with insurance companies registered with Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and provide basic health services.

Health insurance is a necessary condition for the granting or renewal of residence permits and employment of expatriates.

12. Heat Stress Protection

Workers must have access to heat stress training, access to personal protection equipment, and annual health checks.

From 1 June to 15 September, you should not work in outdoor workplaces between 10 am and 3:30 pm. Outdoor workplaces are those in which workers are exposed to extreme weather conditions: the heat, humidity and the sun.

All work must stop if the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) rises beyond 32.1, taking into consideration more than ambient temperature.

13. Joint Committees

The conditions and procedures for the election of worker representatives in Joint Committees have been regulated. Workers in companies with 30 or more employees can elect their own representatives.

Joint Committees bring together representatives of management and facility workers into regular communication over workplace issues. This includes topics such as the organization of work, ways to increase production and development, workers’ training programmes, risk prevention tools, and ways to improve the level of adherence to occupational safety and health rules.

14. Workers’ Support and Insurance Fund

The fund protects workers from the impact of overdue or unpaid wages in instances where the employer has gone out of business or been forced to close due to illegal activity.

15. Labour Dispute Resolution Committees

In March 2018, Qatar established Labour Dispute Resolution Committees with the aim of improving access to justice by settling labour disputes within three weeks of a migrant worker filing a complaint.

16. Grievances Reporting

The government also has channels available for individuals to report grievances against their employer. A 24/7 hotline has been set-up for workers and 11 electronic kiosks have been set-up in locations across Qatar (operating in 11 languages) for workers to file anonymous complaints.

Migrants’ Responsibilities in Qatar

As a migrant in Qatar, you bear the responsibility to comply with the laws and regulations of the country and respecting its cultural norms and values. You are also responsible for contributing positively to the Qatari society. You should take proactive steps to understand and adhere to local customs. Some of your responsibilities in Qatar are:

1. Abide by Rules

You must abide by the rules and regulations of your workplace. The regulations typically are displayed in a visible area in the workplace.

You must learn the basic norms and laws of Qatar, including traffic rules. For example, you must always use the zebra crossing or the overhead bridge to cross a road.

2. Informing Employer About Leaves

If you want to take leave from your job (for personal reasons or vacation), make sure you inform your employer beforehand. Taking an extended leave without telling your employer could be cause for terminating your contract.

Take care of your health. If you are sick and cannot go to work, go for a check-up and take a rest. But remember to inform your employer or supervisor as soon as possible and obtain a medical certificate (report) after the check-up.

3. Taking Care of your Health

Many workers die from cardiac arrest due to simultaneous exposure to extreme heat and extreme cold. If you work outdoors, do not turn the air conditioner very high immediately after returning to your room.

Take precautions to avoid contacting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

4. Engagement in Prohibited Activities

Do not consume illegal drugs or alcohol,

Do not gamble or engage in political events. These activities are banned and considered unlawful in Qatar.

5. Returning to India

You must return to your country once your contract expires.

If you are dismissed (fired) or if you are declared unfit for work, you might be repatriated to India.

Your employer must provide you with a return airplane ticket unless you resign or are dismissed.

If your contract mentions it, your employer may also provide you an airplane ticket to travel for your annual leave.

Customs regulations

You should follow the custom regulations of Qatar when going into the country.

Tobacco allowance: 400 cigarettes.

Personal items and gifts up to a maximum value of INR 68,700.

Imports of alcohol and narcotics are prohibited.